Archimedes was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer who lived in the 3rd century BC. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of all time and is often referred to as the "Father of Mathematics." Archimedes made significant contributions to the fields of geometry, calculus, and physics, among others. He is best known for discovering the principles of buoyancy and for developing the concept of the lever. Archimedes is also credited with designing innovative war machines and creating the famous Archimedes screw, a device used for lifting water. His work continues to influence modern science and engineering.