Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, reigning from 51 BC to 30 BC. She was known for her intelligence, beauty, and political acumen, as well as her relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra was a powerful queen who spoke multiple languages and was well-educated in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. She played a key role in protecting Egypt's independence and was a skilled diplomat, forming alliances with Rome in order to maintain her throne. Cleopatra's tragic end came with the defeat of Antony at the Battle of Actium and her subsequent suicide.